Godina 2010. bila je u znaku gromoglasnih najava iz samog državnog vrha da sledi značajno proširenje i modernizacija Istraživačke stanice. U samoj Stanici tokom proleća, leta i dobrog dela jeseni intenzivno se radilo na pripremi građevinskih projekata, tehničkih rešenja i lista opreme, nameštaja i koječega još što valja nabaviti kako bi se novi objekti učinili funkcionalnim i svrsishodnim. Na ovim i narednim stranicama pokušaćemo da predstavimo na šta će sve to da liči kada jednom – a to bi trebalo da bude naredne, 2012. godine, kada će Stanica obeležiti 30 godina postojanja, sve to bude gotovo.
Istraživačka stanica je do sada imala dve glavne faze razvoja. Prva je počela 1981. godine, godinu dana pre osnivanja Stanice, kada su izgrađena dva montažna i jedan zidani objekat i delimično uređena zgrada stare seoske škole. Drugu fazu je činila izgradnja sadašnjeg Nastavnog centra, dugačke prizemne zgrade za smeštaj i restorana sa kuhinjom, a sve je to urađeno 1988. i 1989. godine. Treća faza je započeta 1997. godine izgradnjom temelja novog smeštajnog objekta i zaustavljena (zavrtanjem slavine za pare, naravno) odmah nakon toga.
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Praktično svi postojeći objekti Istraživačke stanice izvedeni su u lakoj montažnoj gradnji korišćenjem gips-kartonskih panela i lake drvene konstrukcije. Procenjeni vek takvih materijala je minimum 20 godina ali nakon tog vremena struktura lagano propada, naročito u klimatski i funkcionalno zahtevnim uslovima Petnice. Prvi objekti (sadašnja laboratorija i upravna zgrada) građeni su na ovaj način još pre okruglo 30 godina i na njima je uočljivo propadanje. Stari tip prozora i vrata stvara velike toplotne gubitke, elektro-instalacija je zrela za obnavljanje.
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Izvođač radova bi trebalo da bude izabran na međunarodnom javnom konkursu početkom 2011. godine. Radovi bi trebalo da počnu početkom proleća i da se završe do proleća 2012. godine. Procenjena vrednost građevinskih i zanatskih radova je oko 5.5 miliona evra. |
Ko su odgovorni projektanti koji su se tokom proleća, leta i dela jeseni 2010. angažovali na izradi projektne dokumentacije proširenja i rekonstrukcije ISP: Anđelka Mandić-Milutinović (AHT 1,2,3,4,5) Objašnjenje: AHT – arhitektonski projekat, KON – konstrukcije i statika, EJS – elektroinstalacije jake struje, ESS – elektroinstalacije slabe struje, VIK – vodovod i kanalizacija, MAŠ – mašinske instalacije, klimatizacija, grejanje, LIF – liftovska postrojenja, LEL – elektroinstalacije lifta, PAR – parterno uređenje, SAO – saobraćaj-nice, PPZ – protivpožarna zaštita. Numeracija objekata: 1 – smeštajni objekat, 2 – laboratorijska zgrada, 3 – Nastavni centar, 4 – Biblioteka, 5 – Restoran i stara upravna zgrada, 6 – dvorište. |
Novoizgrađeni prostor će u svakom slučaju biti poprilično skup za održavanje (grejanje, klimatizacija, rasveta, čišćenje...) pa će Stanica morati da razvije dosta novih aktivnosti koje donose određene prihode. U svakom slučaju, nastojaće se da se za programe namenjene učenicima i studentima zadrži niska cena i da u pokrivanju tih troškova i dalje učestvuje republički budžet, ali bi se zato težište komercijalnog rada pomerilo na organizovanje raznovrsnih programa stručne obuke profesionalaca, organizaciju naučnih i stručnih skupova manjeg i srednjeg obima i povećanje broja kurseva za nastavnike.
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Novi “Petnički hotel” će biti izgrađen na mestu gde se danas vide započeti temelji. Dvokrilna zgrada ima četiri nivoa (suteren + tri sprata) ukupne površine blizu 3,500 m2.
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Smeštajni objekat će biti povezan toplom vezom (mostom) sa objektom Nastavnog centra. Ovaj prolaz bi se koristio u slučaju lošeg vremena kako bi se moglo brzo i lako doći do sala i učionica u Nastavnom centru.
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Na grafikonu se vidi koliko je obim aktivnosti Stanice uslovljen smeštajnim kapacitetima. Do pred kraj osamdesetih godina Stanica je mogla da prihvati najviše šezdesetak učenika u vrlo skučenom prostoru. Nakon tzv. “Druge faze” (1989) gotovo momentalno je dostignut sadašnji kapacitet od 100 mesta u postojećem smeštajnom objektu. Izgradnjom novog smeštajnog bloka neće se odmah testirati njegova maksimalna prihvatna moć, već se planira postepeno popunjavanje kapaciteta. Prelaskom “magičnog broja” od 100 kreveta, moraće se značajno izmeniti tehnička organizacija programa, zaoštriti režim boravka i korišćenja restorana, eliminisati rizik od “ilegalaca”, “padobranaca” i drugih vrsta neznanih gostiju. |
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Iako je svaki od spratova Laboratorijske zgrade posvećen jednoj naučnoj disciplini (Fizika, Biologija, Hemija), to ne znači da će opsluživati samo jedan petnički program istog naziva. Istraživačka stanica nastoji da prevaziđe prokletstvo predmetne podele koje nanosi toliko mnogo štete domaćem obrazovnom sistemu uključujući i univerzitet. Zato će se nastojati da ove laboratorije budu smo to – specifičan laboratorijski prostor za izvođenje eksperimentalne nastave. To znači da će pravo izvođenja određenih ogleda, demonstracija i praktičnog rada u bilo kojoj laboratoriji imati svi petnički programi kojima takav način rada bude bio potreban. Stanica će pokušati da se bori protiv egoizma kojim smo se inficirali sa osiromašenog i isparcelisanog univerziteta ali to izvesno neće biti laka i kratka borba.
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Prostrana terasa u potkrovlju bi mogla da bude korišćena i kao mala staklena bašta za oglede iz botanike. Ozelenjena terasa sa lepim pogledom na centralno dvorište će svakako biti atraktivan i prijatan prostor za okupljanje u slobodnom vremenu (konkurencija pečurkama).
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Pažljivi izbor opreme laboratorija i kabineta težio je da se različiti nivoi rada u Stanici pokriju kvalitetnom opremom. To znači i uvodne vežbe i ogledi za osnovce, i kursevi namenjeni obuci novih polaznika, i složenije eksperimentalne vežbe, pa sve do opreme koja podržava samostalne ili timske istraživačke projekte petničkih polaznika ali i studenata. Pošto se opreme realizuje putem tendera, bez mogućnosti direktnog izbora modela, još nismo sigurni koliko ćemo uspeti da ove želje i ostvarimo i to ćemo saznati upravo u 2011. godini.
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U planu je da se nova astronomska opservatorija izgradi na brdu južno od objekata Stanice. Predviđeno je da motorizovana kupola bude prečnika oko 5 metara. Unutra bi se nalazio dosta kvalitetniji optički teleskop sa pratećim instrumentima. Ukoliko se poslovi budu odvijali po planu, nova opservatorija bi mogla da bude otvorena već tokom leta 2011. godine.
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Za izvođenje različitih oblika nastave, vežbe, rad u grupama, konsultacije i sl., novi prostor Stanice raspolagaće sa oko 15 sala i učionica različite veličine i namene sa ukupno oko 520 mesta. Sadašnja upravna zgrada pretvara se u izložbeni paviljon sa stalnom postavkom o radu i razvoju Stanice. Pored toga, predviđeno je još desetak mesta (uglavnom holovi) gde će biti moguće postavljati promenljive izložbe umetničkih ili naučnih sadržaja.
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Planirani radovi na izgradnji i rekonstrukciji Istraživačke stanice učiniće ovu organizaciju i po svojim tehničkim uslovima vodećim centrom za rad sa mladim talentima u nauci u čitavoj Evropi, a verovatno i van njenih granica. Za očekivati je da dođe do naglog povećanja interesovanja za različite međunarodne programe koji bi se mogli organizovati u Petnici. Štaviše, izuzetno atraktivan prostor obnovljene Stanice omogućiće organizovanje niza programa komercijalne prirode, dakle aktivnosti koje bi mogle da obezbede određene prihode Stanici i učine je manje zavisnom od državnog budžeta. Stanica, tako, postaje izvanredan prostor za orga-nizaciju naučnih i stručnih skupova sa do 100-130 učesnika. Takođe, razmišlja se i o programima specijalizovane obuke profesionalaca (kursevi i trening) u raznim oblastima. Prednost Stanice je relativna izolovanost, nevelika udaljenost od Beo-grada, Novog Sada, Kragujevca..., zatvorenost ugostiteljskih sadržaja za nepozvane, odlična tehnička opremljenost (biblioteka, sale, računari, AV oprema i sl.) |
Zemljište Stanice je u vlasništvu države, pa je i svako razmišljanje o proširenju uslovljeno dobrom voljom i efikasnišću države, u ovom slučaju lokalne samouprave, tj. Grada Valjeva, da se ovim problemom ozbiljno pozabavi. Kako je u Srbiji XIX veka suludo očekivati da vlasnici susednih placeva poklone svoju imovinu jednoj društveno korisnoj, uglednoj i neprofitnoj organizaciji, postoji opravdana bojazan da će ovaj problem bitno ograničiti dalji razvoj Stanice. |
U svečanoj sali SANU 4. marta 2010. potpisan je Finansijski ugovor “Istraživanje i razvoj u javnom sektoru” između Republike Srbije i Evropske investicione banke kojim je EIB odobrila kredit od 200 miliona Evra Republici Srbiji za potrebe strateških investicija u oblasti naučnoistraživačke delatnosti. U prilogu Ugovora (Tehnički opis) eksplicitno je navedena Istraživačka stanica Petnica kao podprojekat koji će se finansirati iz sredstava kredita.
Gde bi arheolozi, ako ne u podrum! Budući arheološki kabinet sadržaće novu Laboratoriju za analitičku arheologiju i poseban prostor za obradu materijala i depo namenjen propisnom čuvanju vrednih arheoloških zbirki. Podsetimo da Istraživačka stanica raspolaže sa oko pola miliona predmeta koji su rezultat tridesetogodišnjeg rada na mnogobrojnim lokalitetima širom Srbije. Velika pažnja koja je proteklih godina bila posvećena projektovanju prostora i izboru nameštaja i opreme garancija su da će novoizgrađeni prostor biti uspešno iskorišćen. Svakako da će pod biti od debelog armiranog betona kako polaznicima i saradnicima ne bi palo na pamet da potkopavaju temelje Istraživačke stanice.
Na mestu sadašnje stare laboratorijske zgrade podići će se nov i znatno funkcionalniji i prostraniji objekat sa četiri nivoa i ukupne površine od oko 1,500 m2.
Tri preostale zgrade u sadašnjem kompleksu Istraživačke stanice doživeće veću ili manju rekonstrukciju. Najveće promene pretrpeće Restoran koji će biti demontiran i ponovo “sklopljen”, sada sa znatno većom korisnom površinom i restoranskog i kuhinjskog dela kako bi mogao prihvatiti značajno povećanje broja gladnih korisnika.
[Petnica Center 3.0]
exansion projects
Petnica Science Center is going to expand its facilities. It is not just a nice dream – in March 2010 the Serbian Government and the European Investment Bank co-signed a 200 M Euro loan to be used for expanding and modernisation of national scientific and R&D infrastructure. One of the key pieces of the entire investment project will be the expansion and renovation of the Petnica Science Center. In May the Serbian Parliament voted in a law that put this in force.
The construction process is expected to start in Spring 2011 and be completed before Summer 2012 in time for PSC's 30th anniversary. During the whole of 2010, apart from its regular educational activities, Center focused its energy on the detailed preparation of architectural and technical documentation for two new buildings and the refurbishing of four existing facilities, as well as creation of detailed lists of important new equipment, furniture, material, etc.
Why do we call this project ‘Petnica 3.0’?
Because in fact it is a third main phase in the Petnica Center’s development. The first one happened in 1981 and 1982 when the Petnica Center was founded. Two relatively small buldings were erected, the old village school was refurbished, and this is how Petnica started. It was just temporary solution inadequate housing for participants and poor, mostly second-hand equipment. The socond phase happened in 1988 and 1989 with the construction of a relatively modern, functional and comfortable Teaching Center, the new Dormitory (with narrow six-bed students rooms), and the Restaurant. In just two years these facilities became inadequate for rapid expansion of activities which followed and led to a doubled and tripled of the number of students. In 1997, the Serbian Ministry of Science decided to invest money in building the a new spacious and more functional Dormitory, but the construction works ended six months after (because the minister was changed and the new one cancelled all spendings in facilities in Serbia). Instead of a modern Dormitory we got vast concrete jungle of corroded rebars (see cover page photo).
Reasons
During the thirty years of its existance and the explosive expansion of its activities, the Petnica Center had proven that its programs and methods are welcomed in Serbian schools, accepted among professional scientists, and highly popular among students. On the other hand, the existing physical facilities, due to their light prefabricated panel construction, are showing more and more signs of wear and irretrievable decay. Not to say anything about their energy inefficiency and the resulting rocketing maintenance costs. The Ministry of Science became aware that the Petnica Center has a great influence on new generations of scientists – both on those who decided to stay in Serbia and on those who are looking for challenging places abroad.
The new facilities will enable the Petnica Science Center to:
1 Include at least 50% more students (up to 3,500 a year),
2 Multiply teacher training courses (up to 4,000 teachers a year),
3 Extend a network of visiting lecturers and collaboration with more university and research institutions in Serbia an abroad,
4 Expand international students science camps, projects, and meetings,
5 Cover essential top scientific areas, disciplines, and problems, such as new materials, biotechnology, space science,environment monitoring...
6 Demonstrate to regional schools modern experimental science training methods,
7 Increase its self-sustainability in order to become less dependent on variable state support,
8 Offer to universities specific training facility in a broad spectrum of scientific training and practical field projects,
9 Show to domestic politicians and ordinary citizens the importance of Science and the essential role of Scientific literacy in modern society.
The entire architectural and technical project design was given to the “Anaproject” company from Valjevo. The leading architect is Mrs. Andjelka Mandić-Milutinović (right on the facing page) who is also responsible for two new buildings and landscape. The second main part of the design project was given to Mrs. Sonja Vasić (left on the photo) who took on the refurbishing projects of existing buildings.
The new design of the Petnica Center makes it ready to host much broader scope of programs and activities. The new Center will offer various activities to teenagers – school-students in age 13-19: courses, science camps, workshops, students conferences, activities for school science clubs, etc. It will also attract university students offering them individual science project abilities, summer schools, workshops, training courses and other types of meetings. Teachers are important focal group and the Petnica Center will be able to offer them much more attractive and effective courses and workshops. Petnica will also be able to host small and mid-size scientific and professional meetings, workshops and conferences, various special events, exhibitions, promotional activities, etc. Some of these listed contents are of crucial importance for the Center’s self-sustainability assuring certain additional income.
Let’s see some more details about the future Petnica Center.
New Dormitory
The new “Petnica Hotel” will be a two-wing four-floor building with about 3,500 sqm of covered space.
In the basement there are technical facilities (laundry service, heating, workshop, storage). Two multifunctional meeting rooms and a social club are located in the western part of the basement. In the eastern wing there is location for the new Laboratory for analytical archaeology with depot for archaeological collections plus the studio for scientific photography.
On the ground level there is the main entrance with the spacious reception hall with two small meeting rooms.
Three floors in both wings are occupied with 72 rooms. Rooms are with one, two, three and four beds. Each room is air-conditioned with a small bathroom. There are also several small conference rooms and two computer rooms available for various activities.
The Dormitory will be connected with closed passageway with the existing Teaching Center (Main building) – see photo on the left.
Capacity limits
On the graph one can see the capacity limits of prevous development phases (white horizontal lines) during the history of the Petnica Center. The drop in 1999 is caused by the war – from end of March up to the end of June during the NATO campaign and air strikes, the Petnica Center was closed for students.
After completion of the expansion project, the Petnica Center will be ready to house a larger number of participants. The number of school-teachers will depend not just on the courses offered by the Petnica Center, but much more on the policy measures of Serbian educational administration. Today, single-day mostly local training programs are preffered in spite of formal teachers’ obligations to attend professional training, just because of the fact that the cost coverage is in hand of local municipality authorities who have almost empty budgets for such activities, and teachers’ salaries are small and make them not able to pay their professional development by their own money.
New laboratory building
A new four-floor building will be constructed at the place of existing small bulding which today hosts the labs for Chemistry and Biology.
The basement of the new building is dedicated to Physics, next is Biology, and the third floor will be occupied with laboratory for Chemistry. The top floor, just under the roof, will host a small Planetarium and multi-functional exhibition hall together with a elongated terrace with a view of the entire Petnica campus.
Each lab has been carefully designed in order to fulfill its specific requirements. Such is the case, for example, with the Physics lab which will serve as separate lab for Optics with minimal vibration and no windows. There will aslo be a small acoustically insulated silent room for the Acoustics lab. An important part of the Biology lab is the facility for Microbiology with specific air pressure requirements to protect experiments from aerial contamination. There are also similar specific requirements for the chemical storage room, gas pipes, ventilation over working benches, fume hood positioning, requirements for surfaces and furniture, etc. This is without going into details about air-conditioning, heating, the power network, waste disposal...
The various requirements were a huge source of problems for architects, keeping in mind that since the end of eighties, no modern educational lab in Serbia had been designed and constructed.
Each laboratory emphasizes safety and is designed to serve various types of activities – from group experiments and demonstrations, up to individual and team student science projects, and from hosting school teachers to (rowdy) groups of elementary-school pupils.
Equipment
Different levels, structure and profils of educational activities in Petnica need specific and carefully selected equipment. Dozens of our scientific associates have been involved in making lists of equipment – from important complex (and expensive) core instruments up to appropriate plastic pipette tips and entomological pins.
The scheme on the left illustrates the model of efficient usage of the core instruments that must serve various programs and activities.
Comparing to the professional R&D labs, modern instrumentation in the Petnica Center must fulfill one specific functi-on more – it can attract ambitious and highly motivated students and (psychologically) compense poor school laboratories and lack of scientific institutions in provincial towns. Sophisticated up-to-date instruments can encourage students to handle more deman- ding problems, which is essential for upper levels of gifted education in science and technology.
Refurbishing
Four existing building will be refurbished and changed.
The most visible changing will happen in the Restaurant bulding. Almost all upper level of existing restaurant will be demolished. It will be replaced by a modernly equipped and more spacious restaurant bulding. The restaurant capacity will double making it ready to host about 160 people at the same time and even more by using semi-opened terrace.
The old dormitory will loose its narrow rooms and be transformed into the new library and teacher resource center. Part of this building will be used by some administration offices.
The building which now hosts lecture rooms will keep its function, but a small part of it will be changed into offices for administration. The basement will keep several labs for elementary training in measuring techniques.
The existing administration bulding will become a small museum of the Petnica Center – this will re-direct some school visits from interfering with regular activities in laboratories and classrooms if they are interested to see the Petnica Center’s history, general teaching methods, and the overall structure of programs.
New observatory
It is expected that relatively soon (maybe even in 2011) the new astronomical observatory will be constructed on the top of the small nearby hill. The existing small observatory dome located at the very center of existing courtyard will be exposed with too much light to be functional.
Classrooms
There will be about 15 classrooms, meeting rooms, and lecture rooms of various size and functions with 520 seats in total. It is important keeping in mind very complex structure of activities of the Petnica Center. It enables the Petnica Center to host up to ten parallel groups and programs at the same time.
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